Nestled in the heart of Myanmar, Bagan is a destination that promises a journey unlike any other. With its timeless landscape of thousands of ancient temples, serene riverside views, and vibrant local culture, Bagan offers an adventure that transports you to another era. Whether you're a history enthusiast, a photography lover, or simply someone in search of tranquility, this magical destination is sure to captivate your heart. In this post, we’ll explore the wonders of Bagan, uncovering its rich heritage, breathtaking vistas, and the unique experiences that make it an unforgettable stop on any traveler’s itinerary.
Top Attractions in Bagan
Shwezigon Paya
The Shwezigon Pagoda is a hallmark of Bagan's religious and architectural history. Constructed in the 11th century under King Anawrahta, this golden stupa is one of the first major pagodas in Myanmar to be built in the traditional Burmese style. It is believed to house relics of the Buddha, making it a major pilgrimage site for Buddhists. Its dazzling golden stupa and surrounding structures represent the peak of Bagan’s golden era of temple building. Visitors can experience its serene atmosphere while admiring the intricate carvings and frescos that tell the stories of the Buddha's life.
Best time to visit: Early morning or sunset, when the pagoda is bathed in golden light.
For more details see references.
Ananda Pahto
Ananda Pahto is one of Bagan's most celebrated temples, renowned for its grandeur and the blend of architectural styles. Built in the 12th century by King Kyansittha, it is a perfect example of Bagan's golden age of temple construction. The temple is famed for its massive standing Buddha statues, with four seated figures representing different aspects of the Buddha's life, each placed on one of its cardinal points. The striking symmetry of the temple and its intricate, well-preserved murals make it a must-visit for those exploring Bagan’s spiritual heritage. Inside, the temple houses fascinating carvings that reveal elements of both Indian and Burmese architectural influence, creating a harmonious atmosphere of devotion and artistry.
Best Time to Visit: The best time to visit Ananda Temple is during the cooler months, from November to February, when the weather in Bagan is more comfortable. This is also the dry season, which is ideal for exploring the ancient temples. Avoid the rainy season (June to September), as heavy rains can make traveling around the area difficult.
For more details, see references.
Sulamani Pahto
Often called the "Crowning Jewel" of Bagan, Sulamani Pahto was built in 1181 by King Narapatisithu and stands as a prime example of later-period Bagan architecture. Known for its sophisticated brickwork, this temple combines horizontal planes with vertical elements, creating a distinct pyramid-like effect with its receding terraces. Sulamani Pahto showcases some of Bagan’s finest ornamental stucco work on moldings, pediments, and pilasters, all in relatively good condition. The temple’s interior features a unique, circular passage with large frescoes from the Konbaung period, as well as traces of earlier murals, adding to its historical significance. The temple also offers breathtaking panoramic views of Bagan’s vast plains, especially stunning at sunset. However, due to structural impacts from the 2016 earthquake, the stairways leading to the top have been closed. Visitors can still enjoy the lush, temple-surrounded grounds, where local vendors often gather.
Best Time to Visit: Late afternoon is ideal for visiting, as the warm light of sunset enhances the views and offers a spectacular vantage over Bagan's ancient landscape.
For more details, see references.
Law Ka Ou Shaung Pagoda
Set on a hilltop, Law Ka Ou Shaung Pagoda offers some of the most stunning and serene views of Bagan, particularly at sunrise. Unlike the more famous and busier temples, this pagoda is a quieter spot, allowing visitors to enjoy a peaceful experience while overlooking the vast plains dotted with ancient pagodas. Built in the classic Bagan architectural style, this lesser-known temple provides a panoramic vista that is especially magical as the early morning light gently illuminates the spires of nearby temples and stupas. It’s a fantastic option for those looking to experience Bagan’s iconic landscape in tranquility, away from the larger crowds.
Best Time to Visit: Early morning is ideal to catch sunrise views, making it a great choice for photographers and early risers who want to capture the beauty of Bagan’s temples bathed in soft morning light.
Hot Air Balloon Ride Over Bagan
A hot air balloon ride over Bagan offers a breathtaking, bird’s-eye view of this ancient city’s iconic temples. Floating over thousands of pagodas, especially at sunrise, provides an unparalleled perspective on Bagan’s vast landscape. Balloon flights typically last about an hour, allowing ample time to soak in the sprawling beauty below. The ride showcases the intricate temple spires and vast plains, creating a serene and unforgettable experience.
Best Time to Visit: Early mornings during the cooler months (November to February) are ideal for hot air ballooning, as the weather is more favorable, making the experience more comfortable and scenic.
Payathonzu Temple
The Payathonzu Temple, meaning "Three Stupas," is a unique complex composed of three interconnected shrines, located across from the main road near Tayok. Constructed in the 13th century, Payathonzu was abandoned before its completion, lending it an air of mystery and intrigue. The complex’s design—a series of square cubicles topped with rounded sikharas—is rare in Bagan and bears architectural similarities to Khmer Buddhist ruins found in Thailand, as well as to some Hindu structures in India and Nepal. Visitors enter through the central shrine, with the other two shrines extending to the north and south. The walls of the southern shrine have been whitewashed and are partially scratched, while the northernmost shrine holds beautiful, albeit slightly weathered, murals. These paintings, with their faintly Tibetan or Chinese stylistic influences, depict Bodhisattva figures, hinting at possible Mahayana or Tantric Buddhist connections—an aspect that is still a topic of debate among art historians. Some scholars suggest that the temple's tripartite structure could symbolize the Triple Gems of Buddhism (Buddha, Dhamma, and Sangha) or the Hindu Trimurti (Vishnu, Shiva, and Brahma), adding a layer of cultural and religious significance to the design.
Best Time to Visit: Early morning or late afternoon, when the lighting best enhances the murals and architectural details, creating a tranquil and evocative experience.
For more details, see references.
Nathlaung Kyaung Temple
Nathlaung Kyaung Temple stands out in Bagan’s landscape as the only Hindu temple remaining in a city dominated by Buddhist architecture. Constructed in the early 11th century, it was originally dedicated to the Hindu god Vishnu, featuring ancient sculptures and reliefs of various Hindu deities. The name "Nathlaung" means "Shrine Confining Nat," a reflection of its role during the reign of King Anawrahta, who used the temple to store non-Buddhist images while promoting Theravada Buddhism. The king referred to the structure as “where the nat are kept prisoner.” The 1975 earthquake caused significant damage, leaving only the main hall and parts of the superstructure intact. Inside, there are still seven original Gupta-style reliefs. Historically, the central hall housed freestanding Vishnu statues and additional reliefs on the temple’s four sides, though some statues were looted in the 1890s. Despite these losses, the remaining brick-and-stucco reliefs are remarkable examples of the temple’s unique Hindu-influenced design.
Best time to visit: Anytime during the day
For more details, see references.
Night Market Bagan
Located near the bustling Nyaung-U area, Bagan Night Market offers a lively and authentic evening experience, perfect for unwinding after a day of temple visits. This market is a treasure trove of local culture, with rows of stalls displaying a wide variety of handcrafted goods, traditional textiles, intricate jewelry, and unique souvenirs. Shoppers can browse through an array of local products, from woven bags and lacquerware to paintings and trinkets. Alongside its arts and crafts, the market also boasts a delightful selection of Burmese street food. Visitors can sample a variety of dishes, including mohinga (fish noodle soup), skewered meats, and fresh fruits, providing a delicious taste of local flavors. The night market is an ideal spot to try Burmese delicacies at affordable prices and engage with local vendors, making it an immersive cultural experience.
Best time to visit: Evening, after sunset, when the market is most vibrant and bustling with activity.
Tourism Guide and Entrance Fees
When visiting Bagan’s incredible temples and pagodas, it's important to know that there is an entrance fee for the Bagan Archaeological Zone, which covers access to over 2,000 ancient sites. The fee is typically around $25 USD (or the equivalent in kyat), and it’s valid for up to 3 days, allowing you to explore many of the region's famous attractions, including Shwezigon Pagoda. It’s recommended to purchase your ticket at the main entrance to the archaeological zone or through local tourist centers upon arrival.
Keep in mind that some temples or pagodas may have additional fees for special services like guided tours or photography, but most major sites are covered under the archaeological zone ticket.
Food and Drink to Try in Bagan
Exploring Bagan’s food scene is a journey of its own. Myanmar’s cuisine blends Indian, Chinese, and Thai influences with local flavors, offering something for every palate. Here are eight must-try dishes and drinks to complete your Bagan experience:
Mohinga
Mohinga is the unofficial national dish of Myanmar, and for good reason. This savory fish soup, served with rice noodles and crispy fritters, is the perfect introduction to Burmese cuisine. The broth, made with fish, lemongrass, and various spices, is aromatic and flavorful. Mohinga is commonly enjoyed for breakfast but can be found throughout the day at street vendors and restaurants.
Shan Noodles
Shan noodles come from Myanmar’s Shan State and are a beloved dish in Bagan. This dish consists of rice noodles served with a light, flavorful broth, and topped with pieces of chicken or pork. It’s often garnished with chili, garlic, and fresh herbs, offering a balance of heat and umami. Some versions also include pickled vegetables for added texture.
Lahpet (Tea Leaf Salad)
Lahpet is a signature Burmese dish made from fermented tea leaves, peanuts, sesame seeds, and dried peas. This dish is a mix of bitter, tangy, and salty flavors, creating a truly unique taste. Lahpet is often enjoyed as a snack or appetizer and is a great way to immerse yourself in Myanmar's culinary culture.
Grilled Fish
Myanmar’s rivers and lakes are abundant with fresh fish, making grilled fish a popular dish in Bagan. The fish is typically marinated with spices, herbs, and sometimes coconut milk, and then grilled to perfection. Served with rice and a side of pickled vegetables, it’s a simple yet satisfying meal.
Mont Let Saung (Sticky Rice Dessert)
For a sweet treat, try Mont Let Saung. This traditional Burmese dessert consists of sticky rice served with coconut milk and sugar. It’s often topped with sesame seeds or peanuts for a crunchy texture, making it a delightful dessert to enjoy after a savory meal.
Burmese Pancakes
Burmese pancakes, known locally as "mont," are crispy, thin pancakes made from rice flour. They are usually served with fillings such as coconut, chocolate, or peanuts, offering a comforting snack perfect for a midday break. You’ll often find street vendors serving them fresh, hot off the griddle.
Myanmar Whiskey
For those seeking a local drink, Myanmar whiskey is a smooth and slightly sweet alcoholic beverage made from rice or barley. It’s typically served with ice, making it a refreshing drink to enjoy while watching the sunset or after a day of exploring. It’s a popular drink at local bars and restaurants.
Burmese Tea
Tea is an essential part of daily life in Myanmar, and in Bagan, you’ll find tea served at nearly every meal. Burmese tea is typically strong and served with condensed milk, creating a rich, sweet flavor. Enjoying a cup of tea at one of the local teashops is a great way to experience Burmese hospitality.
Sweet Mangoes
The mangoes in Myanmar are particularly sweet and juicy, especially during the summer months (March to May). These mangoes are often served as a refreshing snack or dessert, and some are used in salads or smoothies.
Burmese Coffee
Burmese coffee, particularly from the Shan region, is known for its rich, earthy flavor. It is typically brewed strong and sweetened with condensed milk, giving it a creamy and indulgent texture. Many cafes in Bagan offer a chance to sample this local brew, making it a must-try for coffee lovers.
References
Lonely Planet: Shwezigon Paya
Lonely Planet: Ananda Temple
Lonely Planet: Payathonzu Temple
Lonely Planet: Nathlaung Kyaung
The Crazy Tourist. (2020). 25 Best Things to Do in Bagan (Myanmar). Retrieved from The Crazy Tourist
Nomads Unveiled. (2023). Myanmar Food Guide. Retrieved from Nomads Unveiled
Chef’s Pencil. (2024). Top 25 Most Popular Foods in Myanmar. Retrieved from Chef's Pencil
Rolling Grace. (2024). Traditional Food in Myanmar. Retrieved from Rolling Grace
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